Dormant employment and Xella

Your employer has not paid salary for months, but your contract still exists. You are stuck in a dormant employment contract. Since the Xella ruling, that no longer has to be the case.

What a dormant employment contract is — and why it exists

A dormant employment contract arises when your employer stops paying salary after 104 weeks of illness, but does not terminate the employment. Formally you are still employed, but no salary is paid and there is no work. You are in a no man's land: no dismissal, no compensation, no perspective.

For years, employers deliberately kept the contract dormant to avoid paying the transition payment. That changed on 8 November 2019 with the Xella ruling of the Supreme Court. Since then, the employer is in principle obligated to cooperate in termination with payment of the transition payment.

What is assessed?

  • Duration of incapacity (at least 104 weeks)
  • No realistic prospect of recovery and return to work
  • Employee's request for termination with payment
  • No justified interest of employer in maintaining the contract

What the Xella ruling precisely determines

The main rule

  • The employer must, as a good employer, agree to the employee's proposal to terminate the dormant employment contract.
  • Upon termination, the employer owes the transition payment.
  • The employer can reclaim the costs through the UWV compensation scheme (art. 7:673e Dutch Civil Code) — so there is no longer a financial excuse.
  • The transition payment in this case is capped at the amount that was due at the point 104 weeks of illness was reached.

Possible exceptions

  • The employer has a justified interest in continuing the contract — for example a realistic prospect of reintegration in the near future.
  • The employer is in financial distress making advance payment of the transition payment unfeasible (UWV compensation comes afterwards).
  • A reintegration programme is still running that offers a real chance of return to work.
  • In practice, employers rarely succeed in relying on these exceptions.

How to enforce termination with payment

Step 1 — Calculate the transition payment: the formula is 1/3 gross monthly salary per year of service. Use the salary from before the illness as the starting point, including holiday pay, thirteenth month and structural allowances. At 12 years of service and €3,000 gross per month, that is approximately €12,000 gross.

Step 2 — Send a written proposal: write a letter to your employer requesting termination of the dormant employment contract with payment of the transition payment. Refer to the Xella ruling (Supreme Court 8 November 2019, ECLI:NL:HR:2019:1734). Set an end date and a response period of two weeks.

Step 3 — Wait for response: if the employer agrees, you make arrangements about the end date and payment. If the employer does not respond or refuses, send a reminder with a new deadline and the notice that you are considering legal steps.

Step 4 — Subdistrict court: if the employer does not respond or refuses without justified interest, you can go to the subdistrict court. You then request dissolution of the employment contract with an order to pay the transition payment. In most cases, the court follows the Xella line.

Step 5 — Compensation scheme: after paying the transition payment, the employer can apply for compensation from UWV (art. 7:673e Dutch Civil Code). That is their administrative matter — it does not affect your right to the payment.

Where things go wrong in practice

1

Employer does not respond

Many employers simply ignore the request. They hope you will give up. Send a reminder and set a clear deadline. If the employer still does not respond, engage legal assistance.

2

Employer claims "realistic prospect of recovery"

Some employers claim there is still a prospect of return to work. In practice, this rarely holds up if you have been fully incapacitated for years and receive WIA benefits. Ask the employer to substantiate this in writing.

3

Calculation too low

The employer offers a lower payment than you are entitled to. Check whether all salary components have been included and whether the years of service are correct. The compensation scheme caps at the amount at 104 weeks — but that is the maximum of the compensation, not of your entitlement.

4

Only a verbal request

A verbal request is legally insufficient. Always send a written proposal by registered letter or email with read confirmation. You must be able to prove afterwards that you made the request and when.

FAQ

Can I force my employer to terminate?

Yes. Under the Xella ruling, the employer is obligated to cooperate as a good employer. If they refuse without a justified interest, you can go to the subdistrict court. The court will generally order termination with payment of the transition payment.

Does the employer really get the money back from UWV?

Yes. Through the compensation scheme (art. 7:673e Dutch Civil Code), the employer can reclaim the transition payment from UWV, up to the amount that was due at 104 weeks. The application must be filed within 6 months of payment. In practice, UWV reimburses the full amount if the conditions are met.

Does the transition payment affect my WIA benefits?

No. The transition payment is not offset against your WIA benefit. It is a one-time compensation for loss of employment, separate from the income provision that WIA provides.

What if the contract has been dormant for years?

The transition payment is calculated over the full duration of the employment — including the period after 104 weeks. If your contract has been running for 15 years while 104 weeks was reached 3 years ago, the payment is calculated over 15 years. The employer compensation from UWV is capped at the 104-week amount; the employer pays the difference out of pocket.

Employment conflict during illness

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